轮胎尺寸

客车轮胎大小通常显示为:

P215/65R15 89H

"P"代表"指标"或"乘客"。这意味着它是一个北美轮胎大小指示。欧洲轮胎通常没有"P"附加到大小。轮胎与更高的评级通常会开始从事"LT"代表"轻型卡车"。这表明轮胎是一个LT度量和将永远有一个负载范围表示。重要的是要注意这车辆,呼吁LT度量轮胎。从来没有替代P LT度量的指标轮胎轮胎

"215"是轮胎的宽度,也称为"截面宽度"。这是轮胎的宽度最宽处为毫米从侧壁对侧壁当安装在推荐的轮辋宽度。实际的轮胎宽度可以取决于它被安装在轮辋宽度。

"65"是众所周知的纵横比。它是除以截面高度的截面宽度和乘以100。(在这个例子中,侧壁是215的65%)"R"代表径向,这意味着它有一个径向结构。子午线轮胎有厚度连线,延伸到珠子,铺设90度中心线的踏板,尸体被稳定的环形带。其他可能性包括"B"建设和"D"腰带为对角结构。这意味着厚度电线到珠子,铺设在替代角度小于90度的胎面中心线。"15"英尺代表直径的车轮。这是确切的尺寸,这轮胎将配合。有一些老的钢圈称为"硫氧还蛋白",是度量测量像390。你不能混合硫氧还蛋白钢圈与普通轮胎反之亦然。

"89"是负荷指数，"H"是速度。

速度评级

速度等级的轮胎是一个测量的顶级安全速度轮胎可以携带负载特定条件下。它也表明轮胎将处理以更低的速度。一个更高的额定轮胎将会给你更好的牵引和改进的转向响应即使在50英里/小时。

下面是一个清单的常见的速度评级:

Q = 99 MPH, 160km/h

S = 112 MPH, 180km/h

T = 118 MPH, 190km/h

U = 124 MPH, 200km/h

H = 130 MPH, 210km/h

V = 149 MPH, 240km/h

Z = 149 MPH, 240km/h and over

W = 168 MPH, 270km/h

Y = 186 MPH, 300km/h

评级下调评级的速度比轮胎,这来自于你的汽车需求购买。这样做会影响车的操控,在紧急情况下,可以是危险的。还有,永远不要用不同的速度评级于你车辆的轮胎。

负载评级

60 551 250

61 567 257

62 584 265

63 600 272

64 617 280

65 639 290

66 662 300

67 677 307

68 695 315

69 717 325

70 739 335

71 761 345

72 783 355

73 805 365

74 827 375

75 853 387

76 882 400

77 908 412

78 937 425

79 964 437

80 990 450

81 1018 462

82 1047 475

83 1074 487

84 1102 500

85 1135 515

86 1168 530

87 1201 545

88 1234 560

89 1278 580

90 1323 600

91 1356 615

92 1389 630

93 1433 650

94 1477 670

95 1521 690

96 1565 710

97 1609 730

98 1653 750

99 1708 775

100 1764 800

101 1819 825

102 1874 850

103 1929 875

104 1984 900

105 2039 925

106 2095 950

107 2149 975

108 2205 1000

109 2271 1030

110 2337 1060

111 2403 1090

112 2469 1120

113 2535 1150

114 2601 1180

115 2679 1215

116 2750 1250

117 2833 1285

118 2911 1320

119 2999 1360

120 3080 1400

121 3197 1450

122 3308 1500

123 3410 1550

124 3528 1600

125 3638 1650

侧壁标记

以下是一些你可能会发现你斑纹轮胎的侧壁:

"M + S"表示轮可以应用于全年所有的天气。你会发现这对冬季轮胎适用于所有季节。然而夏季轮胎则不然。对于一个轮胎得到这个称号,它必须有一个指定的踏板,空隙率,然而这并不意味着轮胎已通过任何实际测试以及它在恶劣环境条件下的耐磨性。

表明严重的雪条件评级。轮胎轴承这个符号代表是有防滑性能优势的轮胎。只有轴承M +S这个标志说明这是最安全的轮胎可以在任何恶劣的天气情况,如果你的轮胎上没有这个符号，一些滑雪场甚至不让你进去。

点代表交通运输部。 10，11或12位数的代码出现后点指定给周和年生产的轮胎，以及制造商，工厂，轮胎线，和大小等信息。前2个字符指定的轮胎制造商和工厂代码。第三，第四和第五个字符，是轮胎的尺寸代码。最后的三个或四个数字（4号对于2000年以后），当轮胎制造。日期代码的前两位数字代表周和最后1或2位数代表年份。

最大充气压力，轮胎能承受的最高的通货膨胀压力。但是，通胀压力不应低于建议的压力或以上品牌的侧壁上的最大压力。

侧壁说明

下面是一个的图表示轮胎胎侧的外观。

Uniform Tire Quality Grading

统一轮胎品质分级评级是由美国运输部的质量评级体系开发。它旨在告诉消费者的相对性能轿车轮胎（但不适用于冬季轮胎）

下面是UTQG的评分例子

150A B

"150"表示胎面磨损评分

"A"表示牵引

"B"表示的温度

胎面磨耗等级是根据400英里政府测试过程中，覆盖在得克萨斯州公共道路的指定部分进行磨损试验。一组不超过4个测试车辆行驶的过程，使所有轮胎的车队遇到相同的条件。对正在测试的轮胎胎面花纹每800英里做一次沟槽深度的测量。遵循同样的程序是一组"控制"或"当然监测轮胎"7200英里的测试完成后，两个轮胎的评估结果进行比较，并根据政府标准，都分配了一个被测试的轮胎胎面磨损评分。这个数字可以被用来比较轮胎之间。另外，在上述的例子中，该轮胎的额定150应持续1/2，只要300评估的轮胎。轮胎的相对性能取决于其使用的实际情况，并可能随着不同的道路特点和气候的差异有变化。

牵引评级为AA，A，B，C，从最高到最低。此测量表明轮胎停在湿滑路面上的直线能力。额定值是基于刹车"锁定"在潮湿的沥青和湿的混凝土表面上40英里每小时的测试。重要的是要记住，这个评级并不表明轮胎的能力，抗水漂，并不适用于过弯牵引力。

温度等级确定，通过运行在特定条件下的室内的路面轮胎测试。连续30分钟运行在5英里每小时增量在75英里并持续曾涨，直到轮胎发生故障。与A评级的轮胎必须承受至少114英里每小时，B99英里每小时至少，和C至少85英里每小时。这些测量结果表明轮胎的能力，以维持高温，这往往会导致轮胎磨损很快或在极端情况下会导致轮胎突然失效。

混合型轮胎

一般轮胎不适用于任何车辆上。为了获得最大的安全性和性能，最好是让每一个轮胎与车辆上尺寸相同大小，品牌，型号，等级匹配，其中唯一的例外是，像所有保时捷和其他高性能汽车的前后轮是不一样的。

轮胎存放

存储冬季轮胎

冬季轮胎储最好存在阴凉，干燥的地方。 （尽可能是地下室，车库）。你可以把他们持平，堆叠顶部对方不大于4层高。我们也建议您返回到您在哪里购买轮胎店/经销商，并要个储物袋。这将把自然臭氧隔离在空气中，不然可能会导致轮胎橡胶干燥开裂。存储的轮胎应远离电动马达或焊工，因为这些产生臭氧，随着时间的推移，这将损坏橡胶。

空气压力

你的轮胎被设置在最佳的通货膨胀？机会是他们8psi低于推荐的18psi。破坏轮胎的最常见的方式是不当的。低气压导致轮胎出现不规则的胎面磨耗，以及车辆的操控性差和牵引。充气不足的轮胎可以建立过多的热量并没有警告的情况下吹出来的。

Keeping your tires set at the manufacturer's recommended pressure is one of the easiest ways of saving gasoline, increasing tire treadlife, and ensuring safety. An Arizona Energy Office Report notes if your tires are inflated to 24psi, and you increase the air pressure to 32psi, your fuel mileage should increase by 3 miles per gallon (an average increase of 10%!)

Always check your air pressure and make adjustments when the tires are cold (tires have not been driven for 2 hours). Air pressure should be checked bi-weekly at the very least. This is important because as outside temperatures change, so does tire air pressure. A 10 degree drop in temperature can reduce tire pressure by 1psi. That means if you set your pressures in the July and don't check them again until December, you could have lost several psi, decreasing fuel mileage and causing pre-mature tire wear. Also remember to check your spare tire for loss of air.

If you are unsure how to use an air pressure gauge and hose, your local tire shop should be willing to show you the correct procedure. Always use a good quality tire pressure gauge that is not on a hose. The tire gauges built into the air hoses at your local garage have generally not been maintained and can not be trusted to be accurate.

Note, air pressures can be "tuned", however you should NEVER exceed the maximum pressure branded on the tire's sidewall, and NEVER set pressures lower than recommended in the vehicle's owners manual. Also, if you have altered your tire size from original, then the minimum pressure may need to be adjusted. Consult a rim/tire professional for correct pressures.

Tread Wear Indicator

As your tires wear down, their ability to grip the road decreases. Each tire has what are known as wear bars. These appear at various points around the tire as bars running through the tread design from one side of the tire to the other. When your tires are legally worn out (2/32") the tread will be at the same level as the tread wear indicators and they will be easily visible. Usually before the tire gets to this point, they will begin to feel unsafe. If that is the case, do not wait for them to get to the wear bars. Just because the tread depth is not as low as the tread wear bar, does not mean it is safe.

Tire Rotation

Because each tire on your car typically supports a different amount of weight, and your driving patterns will typically wear out one tire faster than the others, it's important to rotate your tires every 5000 to 8000 miles. Rotation patterns differ depending on what kind of vehicle you drive. The best place to check is in your vehicle's owners manual. If you can not find what you are looking for, below are some diagrams showing you the most common patterns.

Of course, if your vehicle has different sizes of tires from front to back, or if your tires are directional, these may not work. Consult a professional if you are still not sure.

Alignment

Vehicle alignment is one of the most important factors in not only vehicle care, but tire care. Improper alignment on either the front or rear wheels can result in unusual tread wear, damage to your suspension, and unusual handling for the car. Wheel alignments should be performed every time you install a new set of tires, and any time you experience an impact such as a large pot hole, curb, or other obstacle. For maintenance purposes, alignment should be checked every 30,000 km (about 18,700 miles).

There are several alignment types, including both two and four wheel alignment. Four wheel alignment is always recommended, but some vehicles are not able to have the rear alignment adjusted. Consult with an alignment specialist you trust to find out what's best for your car. Warning signs that you might need an alignment are your car pulling to one side or another, and irregular tire wear.

Puncture Repairs

A puncture to any area of a tire's tread will affect performance and safety, and therefore must be immediately attended to through either replacement of the tire (spare or new tire) or a patch. Any patch that is applied to a tire must be applied to both the outer part of the tire (tread) and the inner part of the tire. The reason for this is that the rubber on each side is very different (inside is made of halobutyl rubber meant for holding air, while the outside is a harder durable rubber primarily designed for traction). A good tire repair can only be made if the tire is removed from the rim (wheel) and inspected carefully for any hidden damage. Only straight through holes, 3/16" or smaller diameter may be repaired, when no secondary damage has ocured.

Noise and Vibration Problems

Below are the most common (but not the only) causes of noise and vibration problems:

Tire / Wheel Assembly Is Out Of Balance

No Hub Centric Rings On Aftermarket Wheels ?>Buy Hub Centric Rings

Incorrect Mounting Hardware For Aftermarket Wheels

Tire Is Poorly Seated On The Rim Irregular Tire Wear Out Of Round Rim Out Of Round Tire

Do not ignore apparent impacts, pulling, or vibration. This could be an indicator of tire damage as much as mechanical problems that should be inspected by a professional. If there is a problem with your tires and the way they have been installed they will most likely begin to shake and vibrate your vehicle at between 50 and 65 mph.

When do you need to Replace Tires?

Tires are typically replaced when their natural lifespan has come to an end. There are however any number of factors that can affect this including storage, temperature, surfaces they are driven on, how aggressive of a driver you are, punctures, etc. The usual recommendation for replacing tires is when they no longer feel safe to the driver. You can see when they are legally worn out using the tread wear indicator. A typical set of tires under normal driving conditions will last approximately 40 000 miles or 64 000 km. Some tires of-course are designed for much longer, even up to 80 000 miles or 128 000 kilometers.

Mounting and Balancing

When mounting wheels & tires on to the vehicle, ensure the following checks are made: Wheels Are Not Damaged In Any Way

There Is No Dirt Or Oily Build Up Between The Hub And The Wheel

Lugs Are Properly Torqued

Both Tire Beads Are Securely Mounted

Any Retaining Clips On The Brake Drums Are Removed

Tires are manufactured to close tolerances, however as they wear their mass can become unevenly distributed, negatively effecting the original balance. The most common signs of unbalanced tires are vibration problems. These can affect the speed, handling and mileage of your vehicle. Balancing is done by a computer that spins the wheel / tire assembly, senses heavy spots, and gives a location for the technician to apply weight to counter the heavy spots. The best type of balance is a dynamic balance, and this should be performed whenever possible. (Some rim designs will not allow this type of balance and you would have to settle for a static balance)

Called the Interstate Winter IWT-2, the new tyres are produced in China to a European design and intended for European conditions, and to maximise the range's Europe-wide appeal, Interstate will release the Winter IWT-2 in two silica compound variations, a softer compound for Nordic regions and a firmer 'West European' compound.

Being designed with winter conditions in mind, the range feature three-dimensional sipes on both the inner and outer shoulders, and these sipes are laid out in an interlocking format that prevent the sipes from sticking to each other when subjected to lateral forces, thus increasing dry road stability and handling while providing grip in snow and ice conditions. The centre tread is laid out in a v-shaped pattern, which Interstate claims serves to direct water from the tread area into the wide circumferential grooves positioned on either side of the centre tread.

This new range complements Interstate's existing range of summer tyres, the Touring IST-1 and the Sport IXT-1. Eight sizes between and 14 and 17 inches will be included in the initial Interstate Winter IWT-2 lineup.

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